Sumário

1 - Overview
1.1. History
1.2. Solvents: a Multimarket Product
1.3. Solvents: an Important Piece in the Petrochemical Chain
1.4. Solvents: Commodities and Specialties
1.5. Solvents: an Old and Current Technology

2 - General Aspects
2.1. Definition
2.2. Classification
2.3. Solute-Solvent Interaction
2.4. The Role of the Solvent in Industry

3 - Main Classes of Solvents
3.1. Aliphatic Solvents
3.2. Aromatic Solvents
3.3. Oxygenated Solvents
3.4. Halogenated Solvents
3.5. Nitrogen and Sulfur-Containing Solvents

4 - Green Solvents
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Green Solvents
4.3. Criteria for Evaluating Green Solvents
4.4. Examples of Green Solvent Classes

5 - Physical-Chemical Properties of Solvents
5.1. Energy Involved
5.2. Potential Energy and Covalent Bonding
5.3. Bond Polarity
5.4. Molecular Polarity
5.5. Intermolecular Forces
5.6. Phase Stability
5.7. Phase Limit
5.8. Critical Point and Boiling Point
5.9. Melting Point and Triple Point
5.1. 0. Dielectric Constant
5.1. 1. Viscosity
5.1. 2. Refractive Index
5.1. 3. Surface Tension
5.1. 4. Density

6 - Solubility Parameters
6.1. Cohesive Energy Density
6.2. Solubility Parameters

7 - Principal Criteria for Choosing a Solvent
7.1. Solvent Power
7.2. Evaporation Rate
7.3. Other Criteria for Choosing a Solvent
7.4. Safety, Health, and Environment
7.5. Example of Solvent Selection in the Separation Process

8 - Solvents and Their Applications
8.1. Coatings and Varnishes
8.2. Solvent Evaporation
8.3. Solvent system Formulations for Specific Coating
8.4. Industrial Coatings
8.5. Adhesives
8.6. Coalescent
8.7. Solvents in Processes

9 - Methods for Analysing Solvents
9.1. Gas Chromatography
9.2. Chemical Methods for Analysing Solvents
9.3. Physical Methods for Analysing Solvents
9.4. Spectroscopic Characterization of Solvents
9.5. Use of Coupled Analytical Techniques for Problem Solving in the Solvent Industry
9.6. Final Considerations

10 - A Segment Committed to Sustainability
10.1. Product Stewardship
10.2. Hazard Classification and Communication - GHS
10.3. Management of Hygiene, Health, and Environmental Aspects
10.4. Management of Health Aspects
10.5. Management of Environmental Aspects

Glossary

Index